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Work-based learning

Early Insights


Teaching and learning

Most learners develop a wide range of practical and theory skills rapidly as a result of their workplace experiences and supportive teaching, training and assessment.

What’s going well

  • Learners are motivated and enthusiastic.
  • Most learners develop a comprehensive range of practical skills that they apply to their work roles well.
  • Learners quickly became valued members of their employer’s staff.
  • Learners develop their verbal and written communication skills well.
  • Teachers, trainers and assessors use questions effectively to check learners’ knowledge and understanding and to probe and extend higher level understanding and thinking.
  • Providers have a comprehensive range of teaching and learning resources, including bilingual resources.

What needs to improve

  • Learners’ success and timely completion rates in health, public services and care and hospitality and catering are still too low.
  • Teaching and learning of literacy, numeracy and digital skills is unhelpfully skewed towards preparation for external assessment.
  • The number of learners who chose to complete written work or assessments in Welsh remains low.
  • The quality of planning and target setting for learner progress and achievement is too variable.

Well-being, care, support and guidance

Providers are continually improving their procedures to ensure that learners’ well-being needs are identified and quickly met

What’s going well

  • There is a comprehensive range of care, support and guidance procedures and protocols focusing on learners’ well-being.
  • Assessors make regular visits to learners who are at risk of leaving their apprenticeship or behind where they should be for the stage of the programme.
  • Arrangements are improving to identify and support learners with an additional learning need.

What needs to improve

  • Providers do not consistently develop learners’ understanding of radicalisation and extremism.

Leading and improving

In general, leaders prioritise well and work effectively with a range of partners.

What’s going well

  • Leaders have a clear focus on meeting local, regional and national priorities.
  • Providers work and communicate well with their sub-contractors. They share a good range of information with sub-contractors regarding the delivery of the contract.
  • Leaders engage well with industry to influence provision and develop specialist skills.

What needs to

  • Self-evaluation is not always sharp enough and improvement plans are not always clear and precise enough to be able to monitor progress and measure impact.
  • Lead providers do not identify and share best practice well enough with their partners, especially in teaching, training and assessment.
  • Too many apprentices, especially in health and social care, are not given time by their employers to undertake off-the-job learning.

Overview of recommendations from inspections

In the 2023-2024 academic year, Estyn inspected three WBL providers.

All three were given a recommendation to improve rates at which learners complete their programmes. 

Other recommendations included improving the quality of target-setting, strengthening self-evaluation and improvement planning, and ensuring that learners develop literacy and numeracy skills. 

The weaker provider was given recommendations on:

  • teaching, learning and assessment 
  • ensuring that employers meet their obligations to support the training of their apprentices
  • effective and rigorous quality and oversight arrangements 

Effective practice identified during inspection

Care, support and well-being